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thank you

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foreign

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very good

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foreign

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what

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um

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foreign

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okay

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my legends

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is

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oh

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thank you

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yes

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all right

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11 years

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foreign

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okay

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oh

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if you remember

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i'm very sorry from my friends who wake

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okay

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uh

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he yeah

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oh

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um

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that's my

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lot of green

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oh

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foreign

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much smaller than i thought

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how do you get it

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oh

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foreign

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expedition 43 flight engineer scott

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kelly here in baikonur scott thanks for

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making the time for us as the clock

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ticks toward launch uh in a few days

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it's so intriguing to try to

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put through your mind what you must be

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going through right now mentally

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as uh as we approach launch the couple

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of years in the making of training all

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that goes into being away from the

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planet for a year

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what is going through your mind as you

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approach launch

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well it's uh clearly a different

48
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experience than my my previous three

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flights um and let me explain why my

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first flight it was the first time i was

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flying in space you know you're very

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excited about it something you've maybe

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dreamed about for a really long time

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and it was something brand new i had

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never done it before my second flight it

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was also a new experience because i was

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going to be the commander of the the

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space shuttle to the space station and

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my third flight was on the soyuz for a

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long duration flight to the space

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station so again

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you know something that was a brand new

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experience and you're very excited about

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it

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and i wouldn't say i'm not

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excited about this but

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it's very similar to my last flight

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except it'll be you know more than twice

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the duration so uh so harder

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so uh you know because of that it's

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definitely a different feeling i uh

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you know i'm not uh i i guess i could

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say i'm not as excited as i was the uh

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the previous three times only because

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they were going to be completely new

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experiences for me

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do you in your mind have pages

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on a calendar that are floating around

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like

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are you thinking about milestones

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already september halfway mark october

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you pass the u.s single flight endurance

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record those types of things or is this

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just going to be task by task week by

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week month by month up there i am

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intentionally not thinking of any kind

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of countdown or milestone

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or uh you know ways to to to see the

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time pass i think uh

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that would be the wrong approach you

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know i i think i have to

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you know handle this flight on a a day

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by day basis and uh

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you know and and just just take it

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very slow and methodical and not not be

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scott this flight has been more than a

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couple of years in formulation between

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nasa and rose cosmos a very unique

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what was the attraction of spending a

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year in space

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that provided the incentive for you to

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put your name in an available pool of

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candidates and ultimately to say yes

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i'll go

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well i uh initially i wasn't uh

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too interested in doing it was something

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i had considered um

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i wanted to fly in space again uh

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definitely that was something i wanted

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to do and as i got to thinking about the

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the

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more longer and had more time to

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consider it it was something that i

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warmed up to just because it was going

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to be you know twice as long and

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therefore more challenging and something

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that i i saw is a little bit different

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than just you then going back to the

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space station even though a six-month

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flight is very challenging but doing

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kind of very much the same thing as i

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did on my previous flight

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so for a full year in space is it um

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is it more of a physiological adjustment

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or is it really all about the

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psychological adjustment of losing all

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the creature comforts of home and your

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normal earthbound routine

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well there's certainly you know physical

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aspects to being in space for any length

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of time and that's one of the reasons

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we're doing this is to see you know if

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there's a cliff out there with regards

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to you know bone loss muscle loss our

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immune system

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you know the effects on our vision so

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you know that's part of the reason why

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we're doing this but some of that stuff

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is kind of transparent to the person

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like i won't be able to tell in flight

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for instance if i'm losing more

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bone mass

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or my immune system is affected you know

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certainly i could i could tell with the

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vision issues

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um but i think for as far as a challenge

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for me the the it's more of a

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psychological uh

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the psychological aspect of it you know

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maintaining my level of uh of energy

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throughout the flight my focus

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you know not feeling all you know kind

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of cramped up and wanting to get outside

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those kind of things i think is going to

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be what uh what's more challenging for

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me

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was there a point

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where

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the reality of what lies ahead here

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where it really sank in was it the day

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you left houston was it the day you got

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down here to baikonur will it be on

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launch day when you're sitting in your

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circle suit uh looking out at the

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audience in the suit up room i think it

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hasn't uh

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sunk in yet um

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you know i

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recognize we're getting closer it's

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about a week uh maybe about 10 days away

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now and

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but yeah i think it'll probably be

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you know probably the time i say goodbye

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to my family you know the last time

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and can see them face to face

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which is the day before launch in the

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morning and uh that's when it'll

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probably start sinking in

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scott sending a crew to the station for

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a year

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is really designed to understand better

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how the human body reacts and adapts to

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weightlessness

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over an extended period of time to help

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develop countermeasures so that we can

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go

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out into deep space perhaps one day to

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mars

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do you believe in that sense that you

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and misha are pioneers in a way to

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further

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the understanding of this phenomenon

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i think you know all the the crew

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members that have you know built upon

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one another and have have preceded us

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and

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in this in this effort uh you know you

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know we're just you know two guys that

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are in this unique position right now uh

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you know being the first to do this but

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hopefully you know more people will do

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it

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and you know all these flights are

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important and i think we're all

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uh

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you know critical to someday

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you know

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international coalition leaving low

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earth orbit going uh

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you know the moon to the moon perhaps

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for an extended period of time or onto

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mars or elsewhere

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some people

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sort of view this as

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scott kelly and mikhail kornienko

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signing up to be guinea pigs for a year

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in space but

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really if you look at the whole

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complement of the year's worth of

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activities

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it's busy up there visiting vehicles

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spacewalks just any number of things

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other research that will be done on

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board that doesn't involve you guys

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specifically

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is this is this going to be

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the most challenging

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period of time you've ever spent in

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space

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it'll be the most challenging time for

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me certainly um you know there's a lot

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to

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be a lot going on on the space station

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and we'll be doing it

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uh you know for a whole year but you

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make a very good point i mean there's

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this the one-year

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science is a is a small part of this i

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mean you know misha and i are primarily

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space station crew members that are

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involved in all the activities whether

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it's uh

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you know the normal science program we

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have which is very large uh

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you know we'll have 400 uh different

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experiments over 400 different

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experiments going on throughout that

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whole year

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you know only a small subset of that is

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related to this the one-year mission

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you know those experiments are in much

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different categories from you know

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improving life on earth to

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exploration-based uh research you know

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how to get further away from earth

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with you know people and and systems

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and also the international science

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program but uh you know on top of that

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we're we're regular crew members will be

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participating

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in spacewalks and the robotics

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activities in the uh maintenance of the

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space station

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you know taking care of the systems

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repairing the systems so you know

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there's a lot a lot more that that goes

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on

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uh you know for us but also the rest of

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the crew members that makes this uh you

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know this mission uh what it is

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scott uh only four humans all russians

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have spent a year or more in space on a

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single mission no one since sergey

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avdeyov almost 16 years ago

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with the more sophisticated research

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equipment that's available today than

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there was almost two decades ago

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how

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important do you think the data

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collected from this mission

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will be in furthering the goal of

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sending humans to mars

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i think you know just the way like you

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said technology has developed

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significantly since

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the russians had the last crew members

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spend that that amount of time in space

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not only you know russian technology but

289
00:24:30,070 --> 00:24:26,880
our technology as well i mean the types

290
00:24:31,750 --> 00:24:30,080
of mri imaging capability between mris

291
00:24:34,549 --> 00:24:31,760
cat scans ultrasound we have an

292
00:24:36,149 --> 00:24:34,559
ultrasound on orbit

293
00:24:37,510 --> 00:24:36,159
you know in in

294
00:24:38,310 --> 00:24:37,520
probably

295
00:24:41,909 --> 00:24:38,320
all

296
00:24:44,149 --> 00:24:41,919
ways that we collect data it has gotten

297
00:24:46,390 --> 00:24:44,159
better since this was done the last time

298
00:24:47,909 --> 00:24:46,400
so you know i suspect we're going to

299
00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:47,919
learn a lot about you know our

300
00:24:53,350 --> 00:24:51,200
physiology and how longer durations uh

301
00:24:55,029 --> 00:24:53,360
space flight affects it and hopefully

302
00:24:57,430 --> 00:24:55,039
ways to mitigate those effects

303
00:24:59,909 --> 00:24:57,440
especially with the with regards to the

304
00:25:02,070 --> 00:24:59,919
the vision issues we we've had on board

305
00:25:04,470 --> 00:25:02,080
so you know i think it's very important

306
00:25:06,870 --> 00:25:04,480
to us getting uh you know out of low

307
00:25:08,789 --> 00:25:06,880
earth orbit for longer periods of time

308
00:25:10,390 --> 00:25:08,799
um and like i said before you know it's

309
00:25:12,549 --> 00:25:10,400
not only this flight but it's you know

310
00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:12,559
all the other flights that that preceded

311
00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:15,200
this and and will follow this as well

312
00:25:19,029 --> 00:25:16,400
have there been

313
00:25:21,110 --> 00:25:19,039
any additional

314
00:25:23,269 --> 00:25:21,120
measures or steps taken

315
00:25:25,430 --> 00:25:23,279
from the psychological support folks

316
00:25:27,909 --> 00:25:25,440
back in houston that

317
00:25:29,750 --> 00:25:27,919
would exceed perhaps what a normal

318
00:25:31,909 --> 00:25:29,760
six-month expedition crew member would

319
00:25:32,950 --> 00:25:31,919
have available

320
00:25:35,590 --> 00:25:32,960
you know i think

321
00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:35,600
i think we've discussed maybe allocating

322
00:25:44,149 --> 00:25:42,630
for uplinking like entertainment kind of

323
00:25:46,549 --> 00:25:44,159
things i don't know if that actually

324
00:25:48,310 --> 00:25:46,559
ever happened but uh you know probably

325
00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:48,320
if i if i needed it

326
00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:49,840
you know after a while you kind of feel

327
00:25:53,510 --> 00:25:51,600
like you're running out of uh you know

328
00:25:55,269 --> 00:25:53,520
entertainment on board

329
00:25:56,470 --> 00:25:55,279
and you know having some extra bandwidth

330
00:25:58,549 --> 00:25:56,480
if you're going to be there longer would

331
00:26:00,070 --> 00:25:58,559
be a be a nice thing

332
00:26:01,269 --> 00:26:00,080
i get a little bit you know they

333
00:26:03,350 --> 00:26:01,279
probably give me a little bit more

334
00:26:05,990 --> 00:26:03,360
conferences with family and friends if i

335
00:26:07,750 --> 00:26:06,000
if i desired that i'm sure

336
00:26:09,350 --> 00:26:07,760
um

337
00:26:11,909 --> 00:26:09,360
you know on top of that though really

338
00:26:13,909 --> 00:26:11,919
not not a whole lot different than a

339
00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:13,919
than a six month fight which is also a

340
00:26:19,350 --> 00:26:16,159
long time

341
00:26:21,269 --> 00:26:19,360
so uh without respect to pages on a

342
00:26:23,830 --> 00:26:21,279
calendar what do you think for you

343
00:26:26,470 --> 00:26:23,840
personally just you personally will be

344
00:26:27,990 --> 00:26:26,480
the hardest part of flying for a year

345
00:26:30,549 --> 00:26:28,000
the year

346
00:26:32,230 --> 00:26:30,559
i mean it's a long time if you think

347
00:26:34,230 --> 00:26:32,240
back you know what you were doing a year

348
00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:34,240
ago

349
00:26:39,029 --> 00:26:36,400
which was i guess around

350
00:26:41,190 --> 00:26:39,039
you know st patrick's day holiday

351
00:26:42,789 --> 00:26:41,200
one year ago i can't even remember what

352
00:26:44,390 --> 00:26:42,799
i was doing

353
00:26:46,470 --> 00:26:44,400
but uh you know occasionally i'll see

354
00:26:47,430 --> 00:26:46,480
something in the in the media

355
00:26:49,750 --> 00:26:47,440
about

356
00:26:52,950 --> 00:26:49,760
the you know an anniversary of some

357
00:26:55,430 --> 00:26:52,960
something that occurred in the news and

358
00:26:58,789 --> 00:26:55,440
i'll think back wow that was that was a

359
00:27:00,710 --> 00:26:58,799
year it seems like it was a lot longer

360
00:27:02,630 --> 00:27:00,720
one of the interesting things in my

361
00:27:04,710 --> 00:27:02,640
opinion about all of this is that you

362
00:27:05,590 --> 00:27:04,720
and mikhail will be part of four

363
00:27:07,350 --> 00:27:05,600
different

364
00:27:08,310 --> 00:27:07,360
expeditions

365
00:27:10,149 --> 00:27:08,320
and

366
00:27:12,070 --> 00:27:10,159
a taxi crew a visiting crew will bring

367
00:27:13,190 --> 00:27:12,080
up a fresh soyuz which will be your ride

368
00:27:14,950 --> 00:27:13,200
home

369
00:27:17,510 --> 00:27:14,960
a year from now

370
00:27:19,510 --> 00:27:17,520
is it going to be

371
00:27:21,110 --> 00:27:19,520
difficult or challenging

372
00:27:23,110 --> 00:27:21,120
to keep track of the different

373
00:27:25,110 --> 00:27:23,120
personalities coming and going it's

374
00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:25,120
almost like an air traffic control

375
00:27:37,510 --> 00:27:29,830
you know

376
00:27:41,029 --> 00:27:37,520
the russians or

377
00:27:42,950 --> 00:27:41,039
european japanese the americans we all

378
00:27:44,549 --> 00:27:42,960
get along very well

379
00:27:47,350 --> 00:27:44,559
um

380
00:27:48,870 --> 00:27:47,360
you know we're all professionals uh

381
00:27:51,430 --> 00:27:48,880
you know this will be my fourth time in

382
00:27:53,990 --> 00:27:51,440
space and i have never once had any kind

383
00:27:55,430 --> 00:27:54,000
of real conflict with any of my fellow

384
00:27:56,310 --> 00:27:55,440
crew members i think they've all been

385
00:27:57,750 --> 00:27:56,320
great

386
00:28:00,310 --> 00:27:57,760
they work you know worked very hard

387
00:28:02,710 --> 00:28:00,320
together and uh so i don't really

388
00:28:04,630 --> 00:28:02,720
see any you know potential you know like

389
00:28:06,310 --> 00:28:04,640
personality issues based on the number

390
00:28:07,350 --> 00:28:06,320
of people we have it's certainly

391
00:28:08,870 --> 00:28:07,360
interesting when you're on the space

392
00:28:10,310 --> 00:28:08,880
station and you get like

393
00:28:13,430 --> 00:28:10,320
when i was there a space shuttle crew

394
00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:13,440
come on board or a new

395
00:28:16,630 --> 00:28:14,960
a new uh

396
00:28:18,870 --> 00:28:16,640
you know person who had never flown in

397
00:28:21,110 --> 00:28:18,880
space before coming up on the soyuz it's

398
00:28:23,510 --> 00:28:21,120
always fun to to see them

399
00:28:25,190 --> 00:28:23,520
come come up to space for the first time

400
00:28:27,350 --> 00:28:25,200
especially now when we're doing the the

401
00:28:28,870 --> 00:28:27,360
flight day one rendezvous so

402
00:28:30,389 --> 00:28:28,880
you know the first time flyers will be

403
00:28:31,909 --> 00:28:30,399
seeing them on the space station

404
00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:31,919
you know several hours after they've

405
00:28:35,909 --> 00:28:33,520
left earth so that's going to be

406
00:28:39,110 --> 00:28:35,919
entertaining

407
00:28:41,590 --> 00:28:39,120
i'm just struck by the fact that

408
00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:41,600
this whole episode this whole odyssey is

409
00:28:45,590 --> 00:28:43,760
about to unfold for you

410
00:28:47,190 --> 00:28:45,600
the last several days leading up to

411
00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:47,200
launch are always jam-packed with

412
00:28:51,669 --> 00:28:49,440
ceremonial activities here in baikonur

413
00:28:52,549 --> 00:28:51,679
for the crew you're in quarantine you're

414
00:28:53,909 --> 00:28:52,559
getting

415
00:28:56,549 --> 00:28:53,919
set for launch

416
00:29:01,269 --> 00:28:56,559
final reviews the families come in all

417
00:29:07,269 --> 00:29:01,990
so

418
00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:07,279
strap in and it's quiet up there what do

419
00:29:11,990 --> 00:29:09,120
you think those thoughts are going to be

420
00:29:14,789 --> 00:29:12,000
for you personally as you await liftoff

421
00:29:18,149 --> 00:29:14,799
probably similar to the last time uh you

422
00:29:20,310 --> 00:29:18,159
know the soyuz is very cramped um

423
00:29:22,310 --> 00:29:20,320
you know like anytime you

424
00:29:24,630 --> 00:29:22,320
fly in space there's a

425
00:29:25,669 --> 00:29:24,640
there's a lot that can happen and you

426
00:29:27,110 --> 00:29:25,679
know you're trained for all the

427
00:29:28,630 --> 00:29:27,120
contingencies but you used to think

428
00:29:31,029 --> 00:29:28,640
about that you think about mostly about

429
00:29:31,909 --> 00:29:31,039
doing your job and focusing on that

430
00:29:33,110 --> 00:29:31,919
um

431
00:29:35,510 --> 00:29:33,120
but in the soil you just sit in a very

432
00:29:36,470 --> 00:29:35,520
awkward position it'd be kind of painful

433
00:29:38,230 --> 00:29:36,480
so

434
00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:38,240
i'll be hoping my knees don't hurt too

435
00:29:41,430 --> 00:29:39,440
much after

436
00:29:42,310 --> 00:29:41,440
being like in that position for a few

437
00:29:44,149 --> 00:29:42,320
hours

438
00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:44,159
one thing's for sure when you land a

439
00:29:47,830 --> 00:29:45,360
year from now

440
00:29:50,630 --> 00:29:47,840
it'll be pretty cold near carraganda

441
00:29:55,430 --> 00:29:53,350
when you come home a year from now

442
00:29:57,510 --> 00:29:55,440
regardless of your physical condition

443
00:30:00,230 --> 00:29:57,520
they open the hatch and you smell

444
00:30:01,750 --> 00:30:00,240
earth again what's that going to be like

445
00:30:03,190 --> 00:30:01,760
well i remember the last time i landed

446
00:30:05,430 --> 00:30:03,200
and you were there in this big giant

447
00:30:07,669 --> 00:30:05,440
parka and complaining about how cold it

448
00:30:09,830 --> 00:30:07,679
was and it was this blizzard

449
00:30:11,669 --> 00:30:09,840
and uh for us it was great i mean it was

450
00:30:13,830 --> 00:30:11,679
refreshing the snow was blowing on our

451
00:30:15,350 --> 00:30:13,840
face you know we hadn't hadn't felt

452
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:15,360
different air

453
00:30:20,549 --> 00:30:18,640
for for six months so a blizzard was

454
00:30:22,630 --> 00:30:20,559
very welcome so

455
00:30:25,510 --> 00:30:22,640
uh it's great and i uh

456
00:30:26,630 --> 00:30:25,520
yeah i really look forward to that

457
00:30:29,190 --> 00:30:26,640
and what do you think you're going to be

458
00:30:31,510 --> 00:30:29,200
commander of two expeditions half a year

459
00:30:33,029 --> 00:30:31,520
of this one-year mission

460
00:30:35,269 --> 00:30:33,039
when it's all said and done when you're

461
00:30:37,590 --> 00:30:35,279
back home in houston a year from now

462
00:30:41,669 --> 00:30:37,600
what do you hope will be the legacy of

463
00:30:46,549 --> 00:30:43,909
hmm

464
00:30:48,389 --> 00:30:46,559
you know i always say you know my goals

465
00:30:50,149 --> 00:30:48,399
on these flights maybe that'll be the

466
00:30:52,230 --> 00:30:50,159
legacy is what you know what i hope to

467
00:30:54,149 --> 00:30:52,240
achieve and that is always

468
00:30:57,029 --> 00:30:54,159
you know the number one thing is no one

469
00:30:58,549 --> 00:30:57,039
gets physically hurt

470
00:31:00,630 --> 00:30:58,559
you know the second thing is we don't

471
00:31:02,630 --> 00:31:00,640
break anything we protect the space

472
00:31:05,430 --> 00:31:02,640
station because it's a very valuable

473
00:31:06,950 --> 00:31:05,440
asset

474
00:31:08,789 --> 00:31:06,960
third thing is we complete all the

475
00:31:10,789 --> 00:31:08,799
mission objectives so you know obviously

476
00:31:12,389 --> 00:31:10,799
i hope to do that and the fourth thing

477
00:31:14,070 --> 00:31:12,399
we leave is friends you know and that's

478
00:31:16,149 --> 00:31:14,080
very important too so

479
00:31:17,430 --> 00:31:16,159
you know i hope the legacy of this

480
00:31:20,310 --> 00:31:17,440
flight will be

481
00:31:21,509 --> 00:31:20,320
i've met all of those four objectives

482
00:31:24,149 --> 00:31:21,519
which i've had on every one of my

483
00:31:26,870 --> 00:31:24,159
flights and we've done that so far

484
00:31:28,630 --> 00:31:26,880
mikhail kornyenko in baikonur

485
00:31:30,630 --> 00:31:28,640
misha thank you so much for making the

486
00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:30,640
time for us

487
00:31:35,509 --> 00:31:33,200
let me start off by asking as uh as the

488
00:31:37,669 --> 00:31:35,519
hours count down towards your launch to

489
00:31:39,509 --> 00:31:37,679
spend a year in space

490
00:31:41,029 --> 00:31:39,519
uh what are the thoughts going through

491
00:31:44,149 --> 00:31:41,039
your mind right now

492
00:32:17,110 --> 00:31:44,159
as the magic moment approaches

493
00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:19,430
i'm thinking mostly of my family about

494
00:32:23,110 --> 00:32:21,760
my wife who's going to have a pretty

495
00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:23,120
difficult time

496
00:32:27,110 --> 00:32:25,440
my grandson's going to turn seven years

497
00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:27,120
seven months old

498
00:32:31,029 --> 00:32:29,120
over my flight

499
00:32:33,590 --> 00:32:31,039
so but i believe

500
00:32:35,909 --> 00:32:33,600
we trained we get prepared and

501
00:32:38,149 --> 00:32:35,919
everything is going to be all right

502
00:32:40,630 --> 00:32:38,159
when we talked in houston uh about a

503
00:32:43,750 --> 00:32:40,640
year ago

504
00:32:47,029 --> 00:32:43,760
we talked about what the attraction was

505
00:32:49,669 --> 00:32:47,039
for you to spend a year in space that uh

506
00:32:52,230 --> 00:32:49,679
provided the incentive for you to be

507
00:32:54,870 --> 00:32:52,240
considered to do this job and then

508
00:33:36,549 --> 00:32:54,880
ultimately to be selected

509
00:33:36,559 --> 00:33:40,230
so um

510
00:33:46,950 --> 00:33:42,310
the uniqueness of this mission was the

511
00:33:53,029 --> 00:33:49,509
no one flew for this long for quite a

512
00:33:55,350 --> 00:33:53,039
long time and over that time the methods

513
00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:55,360
to study the human body the biomedical

514
00:34:01,269 --> 00:33:58,880
research and medical research has gone

515
00:34:03,509 --> 00:34:01,279
further ahead so i believe

516
00:34:06,630 --> 00:34:03,519
our scientific program the mission we'll

517
00:34:08,470 --> 00:34:06,640
be carrying out together with scott will

518
00:34:11,589 --> 00:34:08,480
help the people who will follow us on

519
00:34:18,310 --> 00:34:15,030
and in fact misha it has been

520
00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:18,320
almost 16 years since sergey avdey have

521
00:34:23,109 --> 00:34:20,480
spent more than a year in space that any

522
00:34:24,550 --> 00:34:23,119
human has spent a year or more

523
00:34:26,790 --> 00:34:24,560
in orbit

524
00:34:29,109 --> 00:34:26,800
so with today's

525
00:34:31,829 --> 00:34:29,119
medical measures and

526
00:34:34,149 --> 00:34:31,839
biomedical research capabilities up on

527
00:34:35,669 --> 00:34:34,159
the space station how important will

528
00:35:20,550 --> 00:34:35,679
this flight be

529
00:35:25,910 --> 00:35:23,030
so one of the go of our goals in space

530
00:35:27,430 --> 00:35:25,920
is preparing for the missions further

531
00:35:29,190 --> 00:35:27,440
away from the earth

532
00:35:31,910 --> 00:35:29,200
say to mars and

533
00:35:33,750 --> 00:35:31,920
this is one of our goals and

534
00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:33,760
this is the goal of this mission to

535
00:35:38,710 --> 00:35:35,359
prepare for

536
00:35:39,670 --> 00:35:38,720
such kind of expedition

537
00:35:42,710 --> 00:35:39,680
will

538
00:35:43,750 --> 00:35:42,720
being in orbit for a full year

539
00:35:46,230 --> 00:35:43,760
be

540
00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:46,240
a physiological adjustment as you go

541
00:35:50,710 --> 00:35:48,320
month to month to month

542
00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:50,720
or is the psychological adjustment

543
00:35:54,630 --> 00:35:52,160
really the big

544
00:35:56,230 --> 00:35:54,640
hurdle that you will have to clear as

545
00:36:11,829 --> 00:35:56,240
you get comfortable in orbit and then

546
00:36:11,839 --> 00:36:51,270
a

547
00:36:55,190 --> 00:36:52,790
so

548
00:36:57,670 --> 00:36:55,200
it's a complex question it involves both

549
00:36:58,630 --> 00:36:57,680
psychology and physiology and psychology

550
00:37:01,270 --> 00:36:58,640
wise

551
00:37:03,190 --> 00:37:01,280
um the scientists have already came out

552
00:37:05,510 --> 00:37:03,200
with the ideas how to arrange the

553
00:37:07,589 --> 00:37:05,520
interior of the spacecraft for the

554
00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:07,599
martian expedition and some elements of

555
00:37:12,310 --> 00:37:10,320
those ideas will be validated over our

556
00:37:14,710 --> 00:37:12,320
mission it involves medical and

557
00:37:15,910 --> 00:37:14,720
biological aspects as well and all

558
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:15,920
together

559
00:37:19,270 --> 00:37:16,720
uh

560
00:37:21,589 --> 00:37:19,280
carried out in our mission it will make

561
00:37:24,630 --> 00:37:21,599
it possible to make us closer to the

562
00:37:28,950 --> 00:37:25,589
the

563
00:37:31,349 --> 00:37:28,960
and scott really have signed up to be

564
00:37:33,990 --> 00:37:31,359
guinea pigs for a year in space with

565
00:37:36,710 --> 00:37:34,000
this unique research over this long

566
00:37:38,710 --> 00:37:36,720
period of time but there's much more to

567
00:37:40,710 --> 00:37:38,720
these four expeditions is there not that

568
00:37:43,190 --> 00:37:40,720
with spacewalks and visiting vehicles

569
00:37:44,790 --> 00:37:43,200
and all the normal activity on a

570
00:37:47,190 --> 00:37:44,800
day-to-day basis aboard the space

571
00:37:48,069 --> 00:37:47,200
station how busy will you guys be for a

572
00:38:30,710 --> 00:37:48,079
year

573
00:38:35,910 --> 00:38:33,190
well we will be pretty busy only i will

574
00:38:37,990 --> 00:38:35,920
be involved in 66 experiments including

575
00:38:40,150 --> 00:38:38,000
seven us experience

576
00:38:42,630 --> 00:38:40,160
scott will have two evas performed and

577
00:38:45,510 --> 00:38:42,640
i'll have only one so we will be fairly

578
00:38:49,270 --> 00:38:47,510
are you going to be looking uh month to

579
00:38:50,950 --> 00:38:49,280
month at various milestones on the

580
00:38:52,710 --> 00:38:50,960
calendar or

581
00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:52,720
are you going to put the calendar

582
00:38:57,990 --> 00:38:55,200
out of your mind and just

583
00:39:00,390 --> 00:38:58,000
plow ahead day to day week to week

584
00:39:01,910 --> 00:39:00,400
without paying attention to the hours

585
00:39:32,150 --> 00:39:01,920
and days that will go by that will

586
00:39:37,190 --> 00:39:33,910
yeah uh well

587
00:39:39,349 --> 00:39:37,200
i believe i will try to

588
00:39:41,430 --> 00:39:39,359
keep the the diary

589
00:39:43,510 --> 00:39:41,440
and i will be putting the notches on the

590
00:39:45,510 --> 00:39:43,520
tree in the same way robinson cruiser

591
00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:45,520
did

592
00:39:49,990 --> 00:39:48,160
and robinson crusoe was of course a

593
00:39:51,670 --> 00:39:50,000
survivor what do you think

594
00:39:53,349 --> 00:39:51,680
is going to be

595
00:40:07,510 --> 00:39:53,359
the most difficult thing for you

596
00:40:45,030 --> 00:40:41,510
um

597
00:40:47,030 --> 00:40:45,040
i can't give you a single reason you

598
00:40:49,349 --> 00:40:47,040
should make this mission hard it's a

599
00:40:51,829 --> 00:40:49,359
complex of things again so there are

600
00:40:53,910 --> 00:40:51,839
some psychological things such as

601
00:40:57,270 --> 00:40:53,920
missing the earth missing

602
00:40:59,750 --> 00:40:57,280
uh lakes rivers uh missing forests

603
00:41:01,829 --> 00:40:59,760
missing your family which left on the

604
00:41:04,309 --> 00:41:01,839
earth so that's the psychological

605
00:41:06,470 --> 00:41:04,319
aspects besides of that

606
00:41:09,670 --> 00:41:06,480
there is a lot of responsibility

607
00:41:11,990 --> 00:41:09,680
uh which is laid on you on in on your

608
00:41:13,109 --> 00:41:12,000
mission and you're trying to accomplish

609
00:41:15,430 --> 00:41:13,119
everything

610
00:41:20,390 --> 00:41:15,440
uh you are entrusted with not to be

611
00:41:22,470 --> 00:41:20,400
ashamed when you come back to the earth

612
00:41:24,710 --> 00:41:22,480
it's always very busy here in baikonur

613
00:41:27,510 --> 00:41:24,720
in the final days leading up to launch a

614
00:41:29,670 --> 00:41:27,520
lot of ceremonial activities uh a lot of

615
00:41:31,109 --> 00:41:29,680
media will be here obviously for this

616
00:41:32,870 --> 00:41:31,119
launch

617
00:41:35,030 --> 00:41:32,880
but when you uh

618
00:41:36,870 --> 00:41:35,040
are in your social suit

619
00:41:37,990 --> 00:41:36,880
getting ready to walk out to head to the

620
00:41:40,630 --> 00:41:38,000
launch pad

621
00:41:43,190 --> 00:41:40,640
and even when you get inside the soyuz

622
00:41:44,390 --> 00:41:43,200
and it's quiet in the hours that lead up

623
00:41:45,510 --> 00:41:44,400
to launch

624
00:42:53,910 --> 00:41:45,520
what do you think is going to be going

625
00:42:57,190 --> 00:42:55,190
yeah when we

626
00:42:59,910 --> 00:42:57,200
board the spacecraft we spend there

627
00:43:01,990 --> 00:42:59,920
about two hours and the first hour is

628
00:43:04,870 --> 00:43:02,000
fairly busy with all the checks and

629
00:43:07,910 --> 00:43:04,880
operations we've got to perform on board

630
00:43:10,390 --> 00:43:07,920
then it gets kind of

631
00:43:12,550 --> 00:43:10,400
easier and they put up some music for us

632
00:43:15,030 --> 00:43:12,560
to listen well about three favorite

633
00:43:17,750 --> 00:43:15,040
songs per crew member and this is how we

634
00:43:23,510 --> 00:43:17,760
spend our time till uh the moment of the

635
00:43:27,750 --> 00:43:25,670
initially you don't have really much

636
00:43:30,790 --> 00:43:27,760
time of thinking

637
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:30,800
to think about something special

638
00:43:35,589 --> 00:43:33,520
i'm anticipated i'm anticipating this

639
00:43:38,150 --> 00:43:35,599
flight and

640
00:43:45,829 --> 00:43:38,160
i'm not afraid to to go

641
00:43:49,750 --> 00:43:47,270
so

642
00:43:52,870 --> 00:43:49,760
when i launched on my previous mission

643
00:43:55,190 --> 00:43:52,880
my heart rate bit was 65 at the moment

644
00:43:56,150 --> 00:43:55,200
of the liftoff

645
00:43:58,470 --> 00:43:56,160
which is

646
00:43:59,430 --> 00:43:58,480
extraordinary for anyone on any mission

647
00:44:01,190 --> 00:43:59,440
let alone

648
00:44:03,190 --> 00:44:01,200
somebody about to go into space for a

649
00:44:04,870 --> 00:44:03,200
full year misha when

650
00:44:06,829 --> 00:44:04,880
at the other end of the mission when you

651
00:44:08,550 --> 00:44:06,839
and scott return home you're going to

652
00:44:11,510 --> 00:44:08,560
land

653
00:44:13,750 --> 00:44:11,520
in south central kazakhstan cold weather

654
00:44:16,309 --> 00:44:13,760
you're back on earth the air will hit

655
00:44:18,470 --> 00:44:16,319
you in the face when they open the hatch

656
00:44:20,230 --> 00:44:18,480
what do you hope you and scott will have

657
00:44:22,950 --> 00:44:20,240
accomplished

658
00:44:24,470 --> 00:44:22,960
for a year in space what what will be

659
00:44:26,309 --> 00:44:24,480
the history books

660
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:26,319
punctuation mark on this mission what

661
00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:34,630
because

662
00:44:34,640 --> 00:45:25,910
my last

663
00:45:30,230 --> 00:45:28,069
so we will complete all the experiments

664
00:45:31,270 --> 00:45:30,240
we've got to perform there can't be the

665
00:45:33,030 --> 00:45:31,280
other way

666
00:45:35,109 --> 00:45:33,040
so i've got them all planned i've got

667
00:45:37,910 --> 00:45:35,119
them on my personal schedule

668
00:45:40,309 --> 00:45:37,920
and we will bring some results uh which

669
00:45:41,910 --> 00:45:40,319
will contribute to the space science and

670
00:45:44,230 --> 00:45:41,920
technology and

671
00:45:47,030 --> 00:45:44,240
which will help to achieve the progress

672
00:45:49,910 --> 00:45:47,040
in the space flight and fusion

673
00:45:51,670 --> 00:45:49,920
and a final question uh you and your and

674
00:45:53,349 --> 00:45:51,680
scott and gennady will have the

675
00:45:55,589 --> 00:45:53,359
privilege of being aboard the space

676
00:45:57,829 --> 00:45:55,599
station in july

677
00:46:00,790 --> 00:45:57,839
at the time of the 40th anniversary of

678
00:46:02,390 --> 00:46:00,800
apollo soyuz very important milestone

679
00:46:03,750 --> 00:46:02,400
mission

680
00:46:05,430 --> 00:46:03,760
some people say it really was the

681
00:46:07,750 --> 00:46:05,440
mission that gave birth

682
00:46:09,990 --> 00:46:07,760
to the international partnership that

683
00:46:13,109 --> 00:46:10,000
formed the international space station

684
00:46:16,309 --> 00:46:13,119
that you will be living on for a year

685
00:46:18,870 --> 00:46:16,319
how how significant is that for you

686
00:46:21,349 --> 00:46:18,880
to be part of that anniversary and

687
00:46:24,470 --> 00:46:21,359
how significant is it that apollo soyuz

688
00:46:26,550 --> 00:46:24,480
really was the the pathfinder to the

689
00:47:22,710 --> 00:46:26,560
home that will be your home for a year

690
00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:47,589
no

691
00:47:49,950 --> 00:47:48,549
so

692
00:47:53,190 --> 00:47:49,960
i remember

693
00:47:55,910 --> 00:47:53,200
1975 then this mission was launched and

694
00:47:58,150 --> 00:47:55,920
that was a great mission can actually

695
00:48:00,230 --> 00:47:58,160
judge it as the textbook example of the

696
00:48:03,030 --> 00:48:00,240
way how the international capitation

697
00:48:06,069 --> 00:48:03,040
should be executed so and i was

698
00:48:07,829 --> 00:48:06,079
really marveling that mission uh i was

699
00:48:10,790 --> 00:48:07,839
proud that it was happened so i bought

700
00:48:13,190 --> 00:48:10,800
myself a huge pin with apollo soyuz

701
00:48:15,670 --> 00:48:13,200
insignia put it on my jacket and i was

702
00:48:17,589 --> 00:48:15,680
proud to wear that page

703
00:48:19,829 --> 00:48:17,599
and

704
00:48:22,470 --> 00:48:19,839
we are aware of that event i've got it

705
00:48:24,309 --> 00:48:22,480
scheduled in my crew notebook and

706
00:48:25,349 --> 00:48:24,319
when we are on board

707
00:48:27,670 --> 00:48:25,359
we will

708
00:48:28,710 --> 00:48:27,680
celebrate it with making the phone calls

709
00:48:31,430 --> 00:48:28,720
to

710
00:48:34,390 --> 00:48:31,440
all the participants of that mission and

711
00:48:35,910 --> 00:48:34,400
congratulating them on that wonderful

712
00:48:38,470 --> 00:48:35,920
anniversary

713
00:48:40,230 --> 00:48:38,480
dr steve gilmore scott kelly's flight

714
00:48:43,030 --> 00:48:40,240
surgeon steve

715
00:48:44,710 --> 00:48:43,040
it is going to be an a very interesting

716
00:48:46,710 --> 00:48:44,720
year

717
00:48:49,190 --> 00:48:46,720
a mission like none other that we've

718
00:48:51,109 --> 00:48:49,200
flown on the international space station

719
00:48:52,309 --> 00:48:51,119
first of all what is scott's state of

720
00:48:54,710 --> 00:48:52,319
mind

721
00:48:56,470 --> 00:48:54,720
and how is he preparing as he heads into

722
00:48:58,309 --> 00:48:56,480
the home stretch for a full year away

723
00:48:59,270 --> 00:48:58,319
from the planet

724
00:49:01,589 --> 00:48:59,280
well

725
00:49:02,870 --> 00:49:01,599
scott's been doing great

726
00:49:05,589 --> 00:49:02,880
one of the things that's interesting

727
00:49:07,190 --> 00:49:05,599
about baikonur like at the kennedy space

728
00:49:09,349 --> 00:49:07,200
station space center is the

729
00:49:11,589 --> 00:49:09,359
juxtaposition of nature and all the

730
00:49:13,990 --> 00:49:11,599
technical equipment that they interact

731
00:49:15,829 --> 00:49:14,000
with so he has the opportunity to go out

732
00:49:18,230 --> 00:49:15,839
and take walks

733
00:49:20,069 --> 00:49:18,240
kind of experience nature

734
00:49:21,910 --> 00:49:20,079
he's also been doing some things like

735
00:49:23,670 --> 00:49:21,920
you know catching up with friends and so

736
00:49:26,150 --> 00:49:23,680
he has a lot of time in his schedule

737
00:49:28,309 --> 00:49:26,160
that's unscheduled to you know just

738
00:49:30,230 --> 00:49:28,319
relax and do those kind of things but

739
00:49:31,589 --> 00:49:30,240
before he prepares and takes off for the

740
00:49:34,069 --> 00:49:31,599
mission

741
00:49:37,109 --> 00:49:34,079
in the months leading up to launch uh

742
00:49:41,030 --> 00:49:37,119
did you two discuss the psychological

743
00:49:44,069 --> 00:49:41,040
preparations required for this uh

744
00:49:46,790 --> 00:49:44,079
how you get your family squared away uh

745
00:49:49,589 --> 00:49:46,800
you know for you being away from them

746
00:49:51,589 --> 00:49:49,599
for a year what what are the mechanics

747
00:49:53,270 --> 00:49:51,599
of getting ready to leave the planet for

748
00:49:55,589 --> 00:49:53,280
a year

749
00:49:58,630 --> 00:49:55,599
well one one of the unique things about

750
00:50:00,230 --> 00:49:58,640
working with scott is um he's i had the

751
00:50:02,390 --> 00:50:00,240
opportunity to work with him when he did

752
00:50:04,069 --> 00:50:02,400
his six foot six month mission and in

753
00:50:05,829 --> 00:50:04,079
many ways that's kind of a dry run for

754
00:50:07,430 --> 00:50:05,839
what we're doing with the one-year

755
00:50:09,589 --> 00:50:07,440
mission

756
00:50:11,510 --> 00:50:09,599
i work with a lot of colleagues back in

757
00:50:13,990 --> 00:50:11,520
houston and and we have a support

758
00:50:15,990 --> 00:50:14,000
network that we put in place for crews

759
00:50:17,510 --> 00:50:16,000
and their families and i think the most

760
00:50:19,270 --> 00:50:17,520
important thing is making sure that

761
00:50:21,430 --> 00:50:19,280
there's the opportunity for

762
00:50:23,349 --> 00:50:21,440
communication and video conferences and

763
00:50:25,190 --> 00:50:23,359
things like this so that

764
00:50:27,109 --> 00:50:25,200
crew members feel like they can still be

765
00:50:28,549 --> 00:50:27,119
a part of the things that are going on

766
00:50:30,309 --> 00:50:28,559
on a day-to-day basis with their

767
00:50:33,270 --> 00:50:30,319
families and i think that's really the

768
00:50:35,190 --> 00:50:33,280
key element to making sure that

769
00:50:37,190 --> 00:50:35,200
things at home as well as

770
00:50:38,710 --> 00:50:37,200
are going well so that things on the

771
00:50:41,270 --> 00:50:38,720
station also go well he can have his

772
00:50:42,309 --> 00:50:41,280
mind focused on that

773
00:50:44,390 --> 00:50:42,319
was

774
00:50:46,549 --> 00:50:44,400
there is there a particular

775
00:50:48,710 --> 00:50:46,559
characteristic to scott kelly that made

776
00:50:51,270 --> 00:50:48,720
him the right guy

777
00:50:54,630 --> 00:50:51,280
for this mission in both from a physical

778
00:50:56,470 --> 00:50:54,640
as well as a psychological point of view

779
00:50:58,710 --> 00:50:56,480
i think that um

780
00:51:01,190 --> 00:50:58,720
you know in the medical group we we get

781
00:51:02,870 --> 00:51:01,200
a we don't get the the final say on that

782
00:51:04,630 --> 00:51:02,880
type of thing we we did do some

783
00:51:08,069 --> 00:51:04,640
assessments on on people that would be

784
00:51:09,750 --> 00:51:08,079
eligible uh to do a one-year mission and

785
00:51:12,710 --> 00:51:09,760
some of the technical considerations

786
00:51:15,349 --> 00:51:12,720
were the history of radiation exposure

787
00:51:17,589 --> 00:51:15,359
and things like this so

788
00:51:18,950 --> 00:51:17,599
i think one of the unique aspects though

789
00:51:21,990 --> 00:51:18,960
about scott

790
00:51:23,349 --> 00:51:22,000
is that he's a fairly concise and direct

791
00:51:25,030 --> 00:51:23,359
individual and i think that'll be a

792
00:51:26,630 --> 00:51:25,040
valuable trait

793
00:51:28,150 --> 00:51:26,640
for the teams that are working and

794
00:51:29,430 --> 00:51:28,160
supporting him

795
00:51:32,390 --> 00:51:29,440
he'll

796
00:51:33,990 --> 00:51:32,400
he it's easy to know what he needs and i

797
00:51:36,549 --> 00:51:34,000
think that'll be something that will

798
00:51:38,790 --> 00:51:36,559
serve serve the mission well is there

799
00:51:42,390 --> 00:51:38,800
any milestone point over the course of a

800
00:51:44,470 --> 00:51:42,400
year where you'd be looking for

801
00:51:46,630 --> 00:51:44,480
something beyond the be on the lookout

802
00:51:48,390 --> 00:51:46,640
for something that from a flight surgeon

803
00:51:50,870 --> 00:51:48,400
standpoint you need to be aware of is it

804
00:51:53,109 --> 00:51:50,880
the six month point is it the 10-month

805
00:51:55,670 --> 00:51:53,119
point as he heads into the final weeks

806
00:51:59,109 --> 00:51:55,680
how does that all work out

807
00:52:01,270 --> 00:51:59,119
we we design our missions with a lot of

808
00:52:02,950 --> 00:52:01,280
sort of checks in place to just kind of

809
00:52:04,630 --> 00:52:02,960
see how things are going so that we can

810
00:52:05,510 --> 00:52:04,640
identify small things so they don't

811
00:52:07,349 --> 00:52:05,520
become

812
00:52:09,349 --> 00:52:07,359
larger things and i think one of the

813
00:52:11,670 --> 00:52:09,359
more important things that we did before

814
00:52:13,750 --> 00:52:11,680
the mission is going to start is have a

815
00:52:16,390 --> 00:52:13,760
discussion about ways to find scott a

816
00:52:18,230 --> 00:52:16,400
little and misha as well some variety

817
00:52:20,950 --> 00:52:18,240
and a little bit of flexibility in the

818
00:52:23,190 --> 00:52:20,960
normal schedule that's put together for

819
00:52:25,349 --> 00:52:23,200
crew members and that way i think it

820
00:52:27,190 --> 00:52:25,359
it'll make the experience

821
00:52:28,390 --> 00:52:27,200
vary a little bit throughout the course

822
00:52:30,390 --> 00:52:28,400
of the year and i think that'll be an

823
00:52:32,549 --> 00:52:30,400
important element of making sure that

824
00:52:34,710 --> 00:52:32,559
they get through with the kind of energy

825
00:52:37,030 --> 00:52:34,720
and stuff like that that's needed to do

826
00:52:39,430 --> 00:52:37,040
well during that entire time

827
00:52:41,030 --> 00:52:39,440
and finally steve

828
00:52:42,870 --> 00:52:41,040
it's all about

829
00:52:45,750 --> 00:52:42,880
these guys being guinea pigs for

830
00:52:48,069 --> 00:52:45,760
critical science to expand the database

831
00:52:50,309 --> 00:52:48,079
for countermeasures perhaps uh that will

832
00:52:52,470 --> 00:52:50,319
lead to deep space explorations and

833
00:52:54,230 --> 00:52:52,480
hopefully on to mars

834
00:52:56,710 --> 00:52:54,240
what uh what do you consider to be the

835
00:52:58,549 --> 00:52:56,720
most critical from a medical biomedical

836
00:53:00,069 --> 00:52:58,559
standpoint the most critical

837
00:53:02,630 --> 00:53:00,079
things that

838
00:53:05,349 --> 00:53:02,640
the science program folks will be

839
00:53:06,870 --> 00:53:05,359
acquiring uh over the course of a year

840
00:53:09,750 --> 00:53:06,880
in this very unique

841
00:53:12,069 --> 00:53:10,549
well

842
00:53:14,069 --> 00:53:12,079
a little bit unlike our russian

843
00:53:16,309 --> 00:53:14,079
counterparts for us scott will be the

844
00:53:19,109 --> 00:53:16,319
first u.s person that uh spends an

845
00:53:19,990 --> 00:53:19,119
entire continuous year in space

846
00:53:21,430 --> 00:53:20,000
and

847
00:53:23,670 --> 00:53:21,440
you know they're

848
00:53:25,910 --> 00:53:23,680
we're in the process of looking at

849
00:53:28,150 --> 00:53:25,920
future emissions that either they'll

850
00:53:29,589 --> 00:53:28,160
vary by the distance from earth or the

851
00:53:33,589 --> 00:53:29,599
amount of time people

852
00:53:36,069 --> 00:53:33,599
from earth and it's special environments

853
00:53:38,470 --> 00:53:36,079
and so i think for us what the important

854
00:53:40,549 --> 00:53:38,480
part of that will be is as opposed to

855
00:53:43,030 --> 00:53:40,559
one specific measure

856
00:53:44,950 --> 00:53:43,040
you go you design missions and you take

857
00:53:47,829 --> 00:53:44,960
an educated guess based on the data that

858
00:53:49,750 --> 00:53:47,839
you have available and the the second

859
00:53:51,190 --> 00:53:49,760
critical part of that is experience and

860
00:53:53,190 --> 00:53:51,200
so the experience

861
00:53:55,109 --> 00:53:53,200
for all the teams uh not just the

862
00:53:57,030 --> 00:53:55,119
scientists supporting um the crew member

863
00:53:59,510 --> 00:53:57,040
will help us design

864
00:54:01,829 --> 00:53:59,520
the the right mission the right um

865
00:54:03,270 --> 00:54:01,839
medical checks the right length of day

866
00:54:05,349 --> 00:54:03,280
all those kinds of questions will be

867
00:54:06,150 --> 00:54:05,359
looked at as a result of the experience

868
00:54:07,670 --> 00:54:06,160
that